"beugan" meaning in All languages combined

See beugan on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *beuganą. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*beuganą}} Proto-Germanic *beuganą Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *beugan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-st}} Forms: strong [table-tags], beugan [infinitive], beugannjas [genitive, infinitive], beugannjē [dative, infinitive], beugannju [infinitive, instrumental], beugu [first-person, present, singular], baug [first-person, past, singular], biugiʀi [present, second-person, singular], bugī [past, second-person, singular], biugidi [present, singular, third-person], baug [past, singular, third-person], beugum [first-person, plural, present], bugum [first-person, past, plural], biugid [plural, present, second-person], bugud [past, plural, second-person], beugand [plural, present, third-person], bugun [past, plural, third-person], beugē [first-person, present, singular], bugī [first-person, past, singular], beugēs [present, second-person, singular], beugē [present, singular, third-person], bugī [past, singular, third-person], beugēm [first-person, plural, present], bugīm [first-person, past, plural], beugēþ [plural, present, second-person], bugīd [past, plural, second-person], beugēn [plural, present, third-person], bugīn [past, plural, third-person], biug [present, singular], biugid [plural, present], beugandī [participle, present], bogan [participle, past]
  1. to bend, become bent Tags: reconstruction Related terms: baugijan
    Sense id: en-beugan-gmw-pro-verb-Cm-YhpnJ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bowen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bouwe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bouwen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bowe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "buȝen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "buȝhenn"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "buhen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Early Middle English"
          ],
          "word": "buwen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "tags": [
            "Kent"
          ],
          "word": "bouȝe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "boughe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bow"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "tags": [
            "Northern"
          ],
          "word": "bowghe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "tags": [
            "Southern"
          ],
          "word": "bouwien"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "būgan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "bugen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Plautdietsch",
              "lang_code": "pdt",
              "word": "bieejen"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "būgen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "būgan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "buigen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Limburgish",
              "lang_code": "li",
              "word": "buge"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "bugen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "*būgan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "biegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "béien"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "biegen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "biogan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beuganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuganą",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *beuganą.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "baug",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "baug",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biug",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bogan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*beugan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/beugan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bend, become bent"
      ],
      "id": "en-beugan-gmw-pro-verb-Cm-YhpnJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "baugijan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "beugan"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bowen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bouwe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bouwen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bowe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "buȝen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "buȝhenn"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "buhen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Early Middle English"
          ],
          "word": "buwen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "tags": [
            "Kent"
          ],
          "word": "bouȝe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "boughe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "bow"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "tags": [
            "Northern"
          ],
          "word": "bowghe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "bow"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bou"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "bow"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "boo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Scots",
              "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
              "word": "bow"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "tags": [
            "Southern"
          ],
          "word": "bouwien"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "būgan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "bugen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Plautdietsch",
              "lang_code": "pdt",
              "word": "bieejen"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "būgen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "būgan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "buigen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Limburgish",
              "lang_code": "li",
              "word": "buge"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "bugen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "*būgan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "biegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "béien"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "biegen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "biogan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beuganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuganą",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *beuganą.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "baug",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "baug",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biug",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biugid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beugandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bogan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*beugan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/beugan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "baugijan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bend, become bent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "beugan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for beugan meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.